This is a graduate course on topics in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, covering kinetic theory, stochastic processes and linear response. After communicating with several students, i realised that many come to this chemistry blog to look for more o level chemistry questions and solutionsanswers. Kinetic molecular theory says that all matter is made up of particles and the particles are always moving. Kinetic molecular theory can be used to explain both charles and boyles laws. Class 11 physics revision notes for chapter kinetic. The kinetic theory of gases is a historically significant, but simple, model of the thermodynamic behavior of gases, with which many principal concepts of thermodynamics were established. The kinetic theory of matter states that all matter is made up of particles, and exists in one of three states, either solid, liquid or gas. In this video we will see how solids, liquids and gases are different from one another. Would we detect odors more or less rapidly at sea level or at high altitude. The basic assumption underlying this theory is that a chemical reaction occurs only when two molecules, each having a certain minimum kinetic energy collide along the. Kinetic molecular theory and gas laws introduction to chemistry. Chemistry notes form 3 chemistry form three pdf online.
They have enough kinetic energy to slip out of the ordered arrangement of a solid. Gases are mostly empty space occupy containers uniformly and completely expand infinitely diffuse and mix rapidly because gases are mostly empty space, they are used to fill airbags to cushion the shock from an impact. The particles are closely packed in an orderly manner. Nov 21, 2012 free pure physics, chemistry, geography and social studies revision notes. Msomi maktaba notes za o level na a level all subjects physics chemistry biology mathematics literature civics general study geography angiculture history kiswahili commerce book keeping accounting computer economics form one form two form. Kinetic energy of a gas i average kinetic energy of translation per molecule of a gas is given by. Particlekinetic theory scool, the revision website. The average kinetic energy of a collection of gas particles is directly proportional to absolute temperature only. If you already have a firm grasp of the kinetic theory of gases from an introduc tory physics or chemistry course, you may omit this ccr unit. Apr 06, 2016 kinetic theory for matter is a theory used to explain the properties of matter.
We will learn about the ideal gas law, vapor pressure, partial pressure, and the maxwell boltzmann distribution. Kinetic theory of gases 2 questions alevel curriculum. Most of the volume which a gas occupies is empty space. The kinetic theory, or the kinetic molecular theory, of gases explains the properties of ideal gases. Download pdf version of all available notes here gce. Kinetic molecular theory states that gas particles are in constant motion and exhibit perfectly elastic collisions. Tips and notes for english, general paper, and composition writing are also provided. Kinetic particle theory kinetic particle theory and. The arrangements of particles in solids, liquids and gases. Providing study notes, tips, and practice questions for students preparing for their o level or upper secondary examinations.
Thus the kinetic molecular theory of gases provides a molecular. The full set of lecture notes are around 100 pages. Kinetic molecular theory and gas laws introduction to. It contains plenty of examples and practice problems on this. The molecular masses are different from gas to gas, and if all gases have the same average kinetic energy, the average speed of a gas is unique. Kinetic theory of gases questions alevel curriculum press. Ancient greeks proposed pieces of the theory over 2400 years ago. This booklet presents 45 worked examples on gas laws and kinetic theory, which is preceded by an introduction to the theory, laws and formulae associated with the topic. David tong lectures on kinetic theory university of. Kinetic molecular theory solutions, examples, worksheets. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office at 26 red lion square london wc1r 4hq. Several points of this theory that you must remember. Free pure physics, chemistry, geography and social studies revision notes. Feb 07, 2015 kinetic molecular theory says that all matter is made up of particles and the particles are always moving.
Kinetic theory can explain the change of state by considering all matter substances to be made of particles. Kinetic theory for matter is a theory used to explain the properties of matter. Form 5 chemistry physical chemistry gases msomi maktaba. Questions used in this work are drawn from physics and chemistry textbooks designed. Solid in the solid state the particles are packed together in an ordered, regular pattern with strong bonds holding the particles together. E and campus and college exam papers and kcse revision materials. Kinetic theory of matter by ron kurtus physics lessons. Properties of gases can be modeled using some relatively simple equations, which we can relate to the behavior of individual gas molecules. Chemical kinetics factors that affect reaction rates physical state of the reactants in order to react, molecules must come in contact with each other.
The kinetic molecular theory of gas part 2 youtube uses the kinetic theory of gases to explain properties of. Kinetic theory class 11 physics india science khan. The model describes a gas as a large number of identical submicroscopic particles atoms or molecules, all of which are in constant, rapid, random motion. Sep 19, 2017 this chemistry video tutorial explains how to calculate the average kinetic energy of a gas and the root mean square velocity as well. Pdf worked examples on gas laws and kinetic theory questions and. This theory is also called the kineticmolecular theory of matter and the kinetic theory of gases. Kinetic theory olevel digital teachers ugandadigital.
Describes how and why real gases differ from ideal gases. Msomi maktaba notes za o level na a level all subjects physics chemistry biology mathematics literature civics general study geography angiculture history kiswahili commerce book keeping accounting computer economics form one form two form three form four form five and form five study notes. Chemistry notes form 3 chemistry online revision chemistry questions and answers. Seems like many students are not sure how to find the topics of their interest. The kinetic theory, or the kineticmolecular theory, of gases explains the properties of ideal gases. Download and read form 3 chemistry notes form 3 chemistry notes form three chemistry notes pdf. If the reaction is happening between a solid and a liquid it will react only on the surface. Kinetic theory for matter mini chemistry learn chemistry.
So youve had the bright idea of signing up for the cambridge international a level chemistry examinations. The kinetic theory of gases, thermal physics from alevel. Detailed revision notes on the topic kinetic theory. Kinetic theory states of matter, solids, liquids, gases.
Resources for top a1 candidates taking the 2020 singaporecambridge gce o level exam. Kinetic particle theory, gas law gce study buddy the best o level revision resource. Solids have higher densities than gases as their particles are packed closer together. Their arrangements are often summarised as follows.
Kinetic theory of matter gce study buddy the best o level revision resource. In molecules in motion, it is a important part of the physical chemistry syllabus, since we deal with the motion of molecules or particles either in the gas phase or. In this model, the atoms and molecules are continually in random motion, constantly colliding one another and the walls of the container within which the gas is. Introduction chemical reaction kinetics deals with the rates of chemical processes. Use the kinetic particle theory to explain why solids have higher densities than gases. Olevel chemistry kinetic theory states that mater is made of small particles that are in a continuous random motion the particles move fastest in gases and slowest in solids. Class 11 physics revision notes for chapter kinetic theory. Kinetic theory of gases assumptions, derivation, formula. Kinetic theory of gases relates the macroscopic property of the gas, like temperature, pressure, volume to the microscopic property of the gas, like speed, momentum, position. This theory is also called the kineticmolecular theory of matter and the kinetic theory of gases by making some simple assumptions, such as the idea that matter is.
Table \\pageindex1\ postulates of the kinetic theory of gases. Written by teachers for the cie igcse chemistry 91 course. There are energy changes when changes in state occur. The average kinetic energy of a collection of gas particles is directly proportional to. The kinetic theory of gases is based on the following four assumptions. Kinetic theory can explain the change of state by considering all. Average kinetic energy of a gas and root mean square. In this lecture we will investigate the differences in the physical properties exhibited by each of these states 1. O level chemistry gce, gcse, igcse, edexcel molesformulaeequationsquestions. The particles are always in continuous, random motion and hence posses kinetic energy.
The kinetic molecular theory of matter is the theory used to explain the different states of matter. Matter is composed of tiny particles called molecules. Kinetic theories and states of matter eled 303 earth and physical science for elementary teachers kinetic theory and states of matter kinetic molecular theory kinetic energy is energy that an object has because of its motion. When gases combine in chemical reactions at constant temperature and pressure, the. Generalizations that can be made based on this theory include. Vapor pressure, volatility, and evaporation, explains the kineticmolecular theory of gases, how to understand and apply the avogadros principle, daltons law, grahams law of. Mar 16, 2020 so youve had the bright idea of signing up for the cambridge international a level chemistry examinations. Download aa o level chemistry noteswatermarkedprotected. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office. The number of particles per unit mass in a solid is higher than in gases.
Mr sean chua, recommended olevel pure chemistry and ip chemistry tutor with 19 yrs teaching experience and ten years series tys book author shares in his sec 4 chemistry tuition class about the concept of particulate nature of matter, also known as kinetic particle theory. Download pdf version of all available notes here gce o. These are further practice examination questions on kinetic theory of gases for alevel physics. This blog will go through the basic information as well as the little extra that you need in order to make the most of, and get the most enjoyment and success out of, a level chemistry, which can be a rewarding subject. Multiplying the kinetic theory equation for pressure by v, the volume of the gas we obtain. There are three gas laws that govern the behaviour of gases with regards to changes in temperature, pressure and volume. The kinetic theory of matter states that all matter is made of small particles that are in random motion and that have space between them. Download igcse mcqs experimental chemistry kinetic particle theory separation techniques worksheet 20022014. Kinetic particle theory kinetic particle theory and state.
Any chemical process may be broken down into a sequence of one or more singlestep processes known either as elementary processes, elementary reactions, or elementary steps. Average kinetic energy of a gas and root mean square velocity. The microscopic theory of gas behavior based on molecular motion is called the kinetic theory of gases. The kinetic model of matter is made up of tiny particles which exist as atoms, molecules and ions. The kinetic theory of ideal gases makes two major assumptions.
Brownian motion is the random movement of fluid particles. This chemistry video tutorial explains how to calculate the average kinetic energy of a gas and the root mean square velocity as well. The kinetic molecular theory of gases is a model that helps us understand the physical properties of gases at the molecular level. By making several assumptions about the motion and energy of molecules, kmt provides scientists with a useful framework for understanding how the behavior of. The more homogeneous the mixture of reactants, the faster the molecules can react. We will work to gain understanding of the forces and interactions between. This is because the intermolecular forces in solids are stronger than in liquids. In the solid state the particles are packed together in an ordered, regular pattern with strong bonds holding the particles together. The kinetic energy of a molecule in the gas is related to the temperature of the gas by the equation below. Consider a cubic box of length l filled with the gas molecule of mass m, moving along the xaxis with velocity v x therefore its momentum is mv x the gas molecules collide the walls. Worksheets for the topic kinetics using exam questions from aqa chemistry a level past papers. The kinetic molecular theory explains the forces between molecules and the energy that they possess. Looks at the kinetic theory of solids, liquids and gases, including changes of state. The study of reaction rates is called kinetics, and we will learn about average reaction rate, rate laws, the arrhenius equation, reaction mechanisms, catalysts, and spectrophotometry.
Nov 07, 2011 this website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. Based on the above assumption or theory, boltzmann 18441906 and maxwell 18311879 extended the theory to imply that the average kinetic energy of a gas depends on its temperature. This website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. The kinetic energy of a particle increases with temperature and pressure. In order to understand the rates of reactions, various theories have been postulated and one important theory is the collision theory. States of matter, phase change, phase diagrams, examples and step by step solutions, boiling points, the properties of the four phases of matter, gases and kinetic molecular theory, plasma, how to predict and understand the circumstances under which matter changes phase, how to draw and interpret phase diagrams, why there are different boiling points at different elevations, high school chemistry.
Download pdf version of all available notes here gce o level singaporecambridge notes search this site. The three states of matter the kinetic theory of matter states that all matter is made up of particles, and exists in one of three states, either solid, liquid or gas. Matter is made up of particles that are in constant motion. The internal energy consists of the kinetic energy, k, of the. The order of the particles decreases as you change from solid, liquid to gas. As a solid is heated, heat energy absorbed by the particles is converted into kinetic energy. The ultimate guide to a level chemistry crimson education uk. For revision questions and marking guide download pdf. At wall 1, it collides and the gains momentum mv x similarly, the molecules collide wall 2, reversing the momentum i. The features of an ideal gas, and the ideal gas equation. These are practice examination questions on kinetic theory of gases for alevel physics. This page takes a simple look at solids, liquids and gases, and changes of state such as melting and boiling, in terms of the behaviour of the particles present. Real gases deviate from ideal behaviour at low temperatures and high pressure. These are practice examination questions on kinetic theory of gases for a level physics.
Chemists are often interested in how fast a reaction will occur, and what we can do to control the rate. Reaction kinetics dr claire vallance first year, hilary term suggested reading physical chemistry, p. You can find notes and exam questions for additional math, elementary math, physics, biology and chemistry. Kinetic molecular theory definition with worksheets. Kinetic molecular theory definition with worksheets, videos. The kinetic particle theory explains the properties of solids, liquids and gases. Home specifications contact videos books extra resources welcome to 4.
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